Those that develop more comorbidities over time have worse health outcomes, and the rise in comorbidities is an important predictor of high-risk events. Two-thirds of Medicare spending is devoted to medically complex patients with four or more chronic conditions, with costs increasing exponentially as the number of comorbidities increases. Comorbidities impact the quality of life of patients and are often associated with increased rates of functional decline and mortality. When providing care for such patients for the primary condition, a balanced treatment plan that includes comorbidity management should be devised. Treating and managing comorbidities is challenging because one comorbidity may exacerbate another, thereby increasing care complexity. The term comorbidity is defined as a pre-existing medical condition unrelated to the primary reason for a patient’s hospitalization, ideally excluding complications acquired during the hospital stay or later treatment. The management of medically complex individuals, those with multiple coexisting diseases known as comorbidities, is vital to the United States healthcare system due to the significant impact of comorbidities on health outcomes, clinical management, and increased healthcare costs.
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